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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS
金屬的機(jī)械性能

Mechanical properties are the characteristic responses of a material to applied forces. These properties fall into five broad categories: strength, hardness, elasticity, ductility, and toughness.
金屬的機(jī)械性能是金屬受到外力作用時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的特征。這些性能主要分為五類(lèi)：強(qiáng)度，硬度，彈性，塑性，韌性。

Strength is the ability of a metal to resist applied forces.
強(qiáng)度是金屬承受外加力的能力。

Strength properties are commonly referred to as tensile strength, bending strength, compressive strength, torsional strength, shear strength and fatigue strength.
強(qiáng)度性能一般涉及到抗張強(qiáng)度，彎曲強(qiáng)度，耐壓強(qiáng)度，抗扭強(qiáng)度，切變強(qiáng)度和疲勞強(qiáng)度。

Tensile strength is that property which resists forces acting to pull the metal apart. It is one of the most important factors in the evaluation of a metal.
抗張強(qiáng)度是金屬抵抗被分離的能力（性能）。是評(píng)價(jià)金屬的重要因素之一。

Compressive strength is the ability of a material to resist being crushed. Compression is the opposite of tension with respect to the direction of the applied load. Most metals have high tensile strength and high compressive strength. However, brittle materials such as cast iron have high compressive strength but only a moderate tensile strength.
耐壓強(qiáng)度是金屬抵抗被壓碎的能力（性能）。壓力是張力的反方向外加負(fù)載。大部分金屬具有較高的抗張強(qiáng)度和較高的耐壓強(qiáng)度。但是，像鑄鐵這種脆金屬雖有較高的耐壓強(qiáng)度，卻只有較中等的抗張強(qiáng)度。

Bending strength is that quality which resists forces from causing a member to bend or deflect in the direction in which the load is applied. Actually a bending stress is a combination of tensile and compressive stresses.
彎曲強(qiáng)度是金屬抵抗所受負(fù)載方向的彎曲和傾斜的能力（性能）。實(shí)際上彎曲應(yīng)力是壓力和張力的綜合。

Torsional strength is the ability of a metal to withstand forces that cause a member to twist.
抗扭強(qiáng)度是金屬抵抗被扭轉(zhuǎn)的能力（性能）